PHP Gereelde Uitdrukking Funksies
PHP Gereelde Uitdrukking Inleiding
Gereelde uitdrukkings laat jou toe om patrone in stringe te soek en te vervang.
Installasie
Die PHP gereelde uitdrukking funksies is deel van die PHP kern. Geen installasie is nodig om hierdie funksies te gebruik nie.
Runtime-konfigurasie
Hierdie instellings in php.ini kan gebruik word om die hoeveelheid tyd of hulpbronne wat gebruik word wanneer gereelde uitdrukkings geëvalueer word, te beperk.
| Name | Default | Description | Changeable |
|---|---|---|---|
| pcre.backtrack_limit | "1000000" | The maximum number of backtracks that the regular expression engine is allowed to do while evaluating an expression. (available since PHP 5.2) | PHP_INI_ALL |
| pcre.recursion_limit | "100000" | The maximum recursion depth that the regular expression engine is permitted to reach while evaluating an expression. (available since PHP 5.2) | PHP_INI_ALL |
| pcre.jit | "1" | When set to "1" this enables PCRE's (Perl-Compatible Regular Expressions) just-in-time compilation. (available since PHP 7.0) | PHP_INI_ALL |
PHP Gereelde Uitdrukking Funksies
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| preg_filter() | Returns a string or an array with pattern matches replaced, but only if matches were found |
| preg_grep() | Returns an array consisting only of elements from the input array which matched the pattern |
| preg_last_error() | Returns an error code indicating the reason that the most recent regular expression call failed |
| preg_match() | Finds the first match of a pattern in a string |
| preg_match_all() | Finds all matches of a pattern in a string |
| preg_replace() | Returns a string where matches of a pattern (or an array of patterns) are replaced with a substring (or an array of substrings) in a given string |
| preg_replace_callback() | Given an expression and a callback, returns a string where all matches of the expression are replaced with the substring returned by the callback |
| preg_replace_callback_array() | Given an array associating expressions with callbacks, returns a string where all matches of each expression are replaced with the substring returned by the callback |
| preg_split() | Breaks a string into an array using matches of a regular expression as separators |
| preg_quote() | Escapes characters that have a special meaning in regular expressions by putting a backslash in front of them |
Gereelde uitdrukking wysigers
Wysigers kan verander hoe 'n soektog uitgevoer word.
| Modifier | Description |
|---|---|
| i | Performs a case-insensitive search |
| m | Performs a multiline search (patterns that search for the beginning or end of a string will match the beginning or end of each line) |
| u | Enables correct matching of UTF-8 encoded patterns |
Gereelde uitdrukkingspatrone
Hakies word gebruik om 'n reeks karakters te vind:
| Expression | Description |
|---|---|
| [abc] | Find one character from the options between the brackets |
| [^abc] | Find any character NOT between the brackets |
| [0-9] | Find one character from the range 0 to 9 |
Meta-karakters
Metakarakters is karakters met 'n spesiale betekenis:
| Metacharacter | Description |
|---|---|
| | | Find a match for any one of the patterns separated by | as in: cat|dog|fish |
| . | Find just one instance of any character |
| ^ | Finds a match as the beginning of a string as in: ^Hello |
| $ | Finds a match at the end of the string as in: World$ |
| \d | Find a digit |
| \s | Find a whitespace character |
| \b | Find a match at the beginning of a word like this: \bWORD, or at the end of a word like this: WORD\b |
| \uxxxx | Find the Unicode character specified by the hexadecimal number xxxx |
Kwantifiseerders
Kwantifiseerders definieer hoeveelhede:
| Quantifier | Description |
|---|---|
| n+ | Matches any string that contains at least one n |
| n* | Matches any string that contains zero or more occurrences of n |
| n? | Matches any string that contains zero or one occurrences of n |
| n{x} | Matches any string that contains a sequence of X n's |
| n{x,y} | Matches any string that contains a sequence of X to Y n's |
| n{x,} | Matches any string that contains a sequence of at least X n's |
Let wel: As jou uitdrukking vir een van die spesiale karakters moet soek, kan jy 'n terugskuinsstreep ( \ ) gebruik om hulle te ontsnap. Byvoorbeeld, om vir een of meer vraagtekens te soek kan jy die volgende uitdrukking gebruik: $pattern = '/\?+/';