CSS Pseudo-klasse
Wat is Pseudo-klasse?
'n Pseudo-klas word gebruik om 'n spesiale toestand van 'n element te definieer.
Dit kan byvoorbeeld gebruik word om:
- Stileer 'n element wanneer 'n gebruiker daaroor beweeg
- Styl besoekte en onbesoekte skakels verskillend
- Stileer 'n element wanneer dit fokus kry
Muis oor My
Sintaksis
Die sintaksis van pseudo-klasse:
selector:pseudo-class {
property: value;
}
Anker Pseudo-klasse
Skakels kan op verskillende maniere vertoon word:
Voorbeeld
/* unvisited link */
a:link {
color: #FF0000;
}
/* visited
link */
a:visited {
color: #00FF00;
}
/* mouse over link */
a:hover {
color: #FF00FF;
}
/* selected link */
a:active {
color: #0000FF;
}
Let wel: a:hover MOET na a:linken
a:visitedin die CSS-definisie kom om effektief te wees! a:activeMOET agter
a:hoverin die CSS-definisie kom om effektief te wees! Pseudoklasname is nie hooflettersensitief nie.
Pseudo-klasse en HTML-klasse
Pseudo-klasse kan gekombineer word met HTML-klasse:
Wanneer jy oor die skakel in die voorbeeld beweeg, sal dit van kleur verander:
Voorbeeld
a.highlight:hover {
color: #ff0000;
}
Beweeg op <div>
'n Voorbeeld van die gebruik van die :hoverpseudo-klas op 'n <div>-element:
Voorbeeld
div:hover {
background-color: blue;
}
Eenvoudige Tooltip Hover
Beweeg oor 'n <div>-element om 'n <p>-element te wys (soos 'n nutswenk):
Tada! Here I am!
Voorbeeld
p {
display: none;
background-color: yellow;
padding: 20px;
}
div:hover p {
display: block;
}
CSS - Die :eerstekind Pseudo-klas
Die :first-childpseudo-klas pas by 'n gespesifiseerde element wat die eerste kind van 'n ander element is.
Pas die eerste <p> element
In die volgende voorbeeld pas die kieser by enige <p>-element wat die eerste kind van enige element is:
Voorbeeld
p:first-child
{
color: blue;
}
Pas die eerste <i> element in alle <p> elemente
In die volgende voorbeeld pas die kieser by die eerste <i>-element in alle <p>-elemente:
Voorbeeld
p i:first-child
{
color: blue;
}
Pas alle <i> elemente in alle eerste kind <p> elemente
In die volgende voorbeeld pas die kieser by alle <i>-elemente in <p>-elemente wat die eerste kind van 'n ander element is:
Voorbeeld
p:first-child i
{
color: blue;
}
CSS - Die :lang Pseudo-klas
Die :langpseudo-klas laat jou toe om spesiale reëls vir verskillende tale te definieer.
In die voorbeeld hieronder, :langdefinieer die aanhalingstekens vir <q>-elemente met lang="no":
Voorbeeld
<html>
<head>
<style>
q:lang(no) {
quotes: "~" "~";
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>Some text <q lang="no">A quote in a paragraph</q>
Some text.</p>
</body>
</html>
Meer voorbeelde
Hierdie voorbeeld demonstreer hoe om ander style by hiperskakels te voeg.
Hierdie voorbeeld demonstreer hoe om die :focus pseudo-klas te gebruik.
Alle CSS Pseudo-klasse
| Selector | Example | Example description |
|---|---|---|
| :active | a:active | Selects the active link |
| :checked | input:checked | Selects every checked <input> element |
| :disabled | input:disabled | Selects every disabled <input> element |
| :empty | p:empty | Selects every <p> element that has no children |
| :enabled | input:enabled | Selects every enabled <input> element |
| :first-child | p:first-child | Selects every <p> elements that is the first child of its parent |
| :first-of-type | p:first-of-type | Selects every <p> element that is the first <p> element of its parent |
| :focus | input:focus | Selects the <input> element that has focus |
| :hover | a:hover | Selects links on mouse over |
| :in-range | input:in-range | Selects <input> elements with a value within a specified range |
| :invalid | input:invalid | Selects all <input> elements with an invalid value |
| :lang(language) | p:lang(it) | Selects every <p> element with a lang attribute value starting with "it" |
| :last-child | p:last-child | Selects every <p> elements that is the last child of its parent |
| :last-of-type | p:last-of-type | Selects every <p> element that is the last <p> element of its parent |
| :link | a:link | Selects all unvisited links |
| :not(selector) | :not(p) | Selects every element that is not a <p> element |
| :nth-child(n) | p:nth-child(2) | Selects every <p> element that is the second child of its parent |
| :nth-last-child(n) | p:nth-last-child(2) | Selects every <p> element that is the second child of its parent, counting from the last child |
| :nth-last-of-type(n) | p:nth-last-of-type(2) | Selects every <p> element that is the second <p> element of its parent, counting from the last child |
| :nth-of-type(n) | p:nth-of-type(2) | Selects every <p> element that is the second <p> element of its parent |
| :only-of-type | p:only-of-type | Selects every <p> element that is the only <p> element of its parent |
| :only-child | p:only-child | Selects every <p> element that is the only child of its parent |
| :optional | input:optional | Selects <input> elements with no "required" attribute |
| :out-of-range | input:out-of-range | Selects <input> elements with a value outside a specified range |
| :read-only | input:read-only | Selects <input> elements with a "readonly" attribute specified |
| :read-write | input:read-write | Selects <input> elements with no "readonly" attribute |
| :required | input:required | Selects <input> elements with a "required" attribute specified |
| :root | root | Selects the document's root element |
| :target | #news:target | Selects the current active #news element (clicked on a URL containing that anchor name) |
| :valid | input:valid | Selects all <input> elements with a valid value |
| :visited | a:visited | Selects all visited links |
Alle CSS Pseudo Elemente
| Selector | Example | Example description |
|---|---|---|
| ::after | p::after | Insert content after every <p> element |
| ::before | p::before | Insert content before every <p> element |
| ::first-letter | p::first-letter | Selects the first letter of every <p> element |
| ::first-line | p::first-line | Selects the first line of every <p> element |
| ::selection | p::selection | Selects the portion of an element that is selected by a user |